变更图的直径

P(t,n)和C(t,n)分别表示在阶为n的路和圈中添加t条边后得到的图的最小直径；f(t,k)表示从直径为k的图中删去t条边后得到的连通图的最大直径．这篇文章证明了t≥4且n≥5时,P(t,n)≤(n-8)/(t 1) 3；若t为奇数,则C(t,n)≤(n-8)/(t 1) 3；若t为偶数,则C(t,n)≤(n-7)/(t 2) 3．特别地,「(n-1)/5」≤P(4,n)≤「(n 3)/5」,「n/4」-1≤C(3,n)≤「n/4」．最后,证明了：若k≥3且为奇数,则f(t,k)≥(t 1)k-2t 4．这些改进了某些已知结果．     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩稀土元素特征

研究萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩（A型、 I型）的稀土元素特征. 两类花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学特征明显不同, 这与其所处的不同后碰撞构造演化阶段密切相关. 森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为形成于后碰撞阶段晚期挤压-拉张转换体制下的I型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用不发育, 具幔源特征. 阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为形成于后碰撞结束阶段拉张体制下的A型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用发育, 其稀土元素显示的一定的壳源特征应为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染所致.     

Tectonic setting discrimination and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar isotope geochronology of the Miba granite

The Miba granite is located in the juncture of Kang County in eastern Gansu Provinceand Lueyang County in Shanxi Province. It is considered to be the post-orogenic granite(POG-type) by major element discrimination method of Maniar. ~40Ar/~39Ar dating indicates that itsemplacement time is about 240-230 Ma and it is the result of the Indo-Sinian magmatism. In theearly Yanshan period (about 193.8 Ma), a thermal event resulted in the partial opening of the ar-gon isotope system of the biotite.     

不同不耦合系数下花岗岩爆破损伤特性的离散元模拟

为研究径向装药不耦合系数对花岗岩爆破损伤程度的影响,在考虑爆炸冲击波和爆生气体共同作用的基础上,提出了一种"动"、"静"荷载混合施加的PFC爆破模拟方法,采用该方法分别进行了6种不耦合系数下花岗岩爆破过程的数值模拟。模拟结果显示,随着装药不耦合系数的增大,花岗岩爆破损伤程度先增强后减弱。耦合装药下,爆生裂纹数量为9367;不耦合系数为1.2时,裂纹数量增加至最多,为24975;不耦合系数为2.0时,裂纹数量减少为292。对比耦合装药和不耦合系数为1.4时的花岗岩损伤模式发现,爆生气体的准静态压力对爆生裂纹的扩展具有重要作用。根据不同不耦合系数下的爆生裂纹数量,建立了不耦合系数大于或等于1.2时的岩石爆破损伤程度预测模型,拟合度达0.9808。该预测模型对爆破施工设计等工作具有一定的参考意义。     

花岗岩块石浆砌结构抗弹丸斜侵彻/冲击性能实验研究

通过实弹射击试验,研究了花岗岩-钢筋混凝土复合靶板的抗侵彻/冲击性能.结果表明,该靶板具有较好的抗侵彻/冲击能力.与同等厚度的普通钢筋混凝土靶板相比,在射弹特性和撞击条件相同的情况下,该结构抗侵彻/冲击能力明显增强.对薄靶板而言,冲剪破坏为主要的破坏形式,增强抗剪能力,能够提高靶板抗侵彻/冲击能力.当弹体速度不高时,局部作用和结构整体响应之间一般有很强的耦合.该花岗岩-钢筋混凝土靶板局部既有一定的刚度,整体也具有一定的塑性,因此具有较好的抗弹体侵彻/冲击能力.这种结构施工简单,取材方便,造价相对低廉,具有一定的应用前景.     

Altered Volcanic Tuffs from Los Frailes Caldera. A Study of Their Pozzolanic Properties

This work presents the results of the study of the physical, chemical, mineralogical and pozzolanic properties of the altered volcanic tuffs (AVT) that lie in the Los Frailes caldera, south of the Iberian Peninsula, and demonstrates their qualities as pozzolans for the manufacturing of mortars and pozzolanic cements of high mechanical strength. The main objective of this research is to show to what extent the AVTs can replace portland cement (PC) in mortars, with standardised proportions of 75:25% and 70:30% (PC-AVT). To achieve these objectives, three AVT samples were studied by a petrographic analysis of thin section (PATS), DRX, FRX and MEB. The pozzolanic properties were determined by three methods: electrical conductivity (ECT), chemical pozzolanicity tests (CPT) at 8 and 15 days and mechanical strength tests (MS) of the specimens at 2, 7, 28 and 90 days. Studies of a PATS, DRX, FRX and MEB showed that the AVT samples’ constitutions are complex where smectite (montmorillonite), mordenite, quartz, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, volcanic glass and lithic fragments coexist. The results of the ECT and CPT tests confirmed the pozzolanic properties of the samples analysed and proved an increase in mechanical strength from 2 to 90 days of testing.     

花岗岩破坏过程能量演化机制与能量屈服准则

为了明确岩石破坏的能量演化特性，结合单轴实验和颗粒流程序获得花岗岩的细观力学参数，进行不同应力状态的花岗岩实验，研究不同围压下花岗岩破坏过程的能量演化机理并推导能量屈服准则。获得以下主要结论:花岗岩破坏过程中低围压下内部损伤出现较早而高围压较晚，表明低围压花岗岩内部损伤是渐进发展过程，而高围压下内部损伤一旦出现便快速发展破坏；高围压花岗岩峰值前一定应变范围弹性应变能基本保持不变，吸收的能量全部转化为耗散能，表明高围压破坏时花岗岩内部损伤程度严重；弹性应变能经历不断积累并达到弹性储能极限而后减小的变化过程，而弹性储能极限与围压之间存在线性变化规律，因此高围压下岩体开挖卸荷时极易诱发大量弹性应变能的急剧释放，引起围岩失稳甚至发生岩爆；花岗岩峰值破坏时的能量比与围压无关，为一定值；基于能量原理导出了能量屈服准则，该准则包含岩性参数和所有主应力，能够综合反映岩石破坏影响因素。     

锯切花岗石过程中金刚石节块磨损特征及影响因素分析

在已有的节块磨损规律的基础上，对锯切花岗石过程中的金刚石及其固位载体－粘合剂的磨损规律进行了研究。通过实验，跟踪观察了不同金刚石节块在各种加工条件下的磨损状态。结果表明；金刚石的工作状态与节块的使用性能有良好的对应关系，金刚石的微破碎和完善晶型比例越高节块耐磨性越好；宏观破碎和脱落比例越高节块耐磨性越差。金刚石的粒度，含量，品级，粘合剂和金刚石的匹配以及锯切用量组合等均明显影响锯切效果。     

锯切过程中花岗石与金刚石间的摩擦效应

通过测量锯切力和计算锯切比能,获得了多种条件下的比能与单颗磨粒平均载荷的试验,从能量角度探讨了花岗石的锯石的锯切机理,并建立了单颗磨粒平均载荷与磨粒纵向切削面积平均值之间,单位宽度功率消耗与滑擦面积之间的对应关系。结果表明,锯切过程中能量主要消耗于花岗石与金刚石间的摩擦,由于单颗磨粒向切削面积平均值同时包含了磨粒切削深度与弧长的影响,更适用于描述锯切过程。锯切中锯切深度和材料去除率等因素的影响均可     

A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives

Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide “drugs” initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.